Throat Cancer: A Better Understanding

The cancerous tumors which develop in the throat (pharynx), voice box/larynx or tonsils is what is referred to as Throat Cancer.

The throat which happens to be a muscular tribe begins behind the nose, ending down in the neck. The flat cells which surround the insides of the throat are where Throat Cancer often arises. The voice box made of cartilage carries the vocal cords that vibrate when one speaks to make a sound. It is found right below the throat and is the most prone to this type of cancer.

The epiglottis which acts as a lid for the windpipe is also affected by Throat Cancer. Another form, Tonsil Cancer ends up disturbing the tonsils (located at the back of the throat).

The signs and symptoms of throat cancer consist of the following:

• A cough
• Changes in the voice; hoarseness, not being able to speak clearly
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Ear pain
• A lump or sore that continues to harm
• A sore throat
• Weight loss

An appointment with the doctor becomes imperative when any new signs and symptoms that are persistent are observed. Since the typical symptoms of Throat Cancer aren’t specific to cancer, the patient is likely to be investigated on other common causes initially.

Throat Cancer is caused when the cells in the throat tend to develop genetic mutations, causing an uncontrollable growth of the cells which continue to live where the healthy cells would typically die. The cells accumulate to form a tumor in the throat.

It’s yet to be established as to what causes the genetic mutation resulting in Throat Cancer. However, factors have been identified by doctors which contribute to an increased risk.

While most Throat Cancers consist of the same type of cells, however particular terms may be used to separate the spot in the throat to identify cancer’s origin.   

The various types of throat cancer may include:

• Nasopharyngeal Cancer: originates in the nasopharynx, which is the part of the throat just behind the nose.
• Oropharyngeal Cancer: originates in the oropharynx, which is the part of the throat right behind the mouth-  including the tonsils
• Hypopharyngeal Cancer: or laryngopharyngeal cancer, arises in the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx), which is the lower part of the throat, just above the esophagus windpipe
• Glottic Cancer: arises in the vocal cords.
• Supraglottic Cancer: occurs in the upper portion of the larynx, including cancer which impacts the epiglottis
• Subglottic Cancer: arises in the lower portion of the voice box, right below the vocal cords.

The factors which may increase the risk of Throat Cancer are as follows:

• Tobacco Use: consists of smoking & chewing tobacco
• Excessive Alcohol Use
• A sexually transmitted virus called human papillomavirus (HPV)
• A diet deficient in fruits and vegetables
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD

In case of prevention of the Throat Cancer, there doesn’t exist a determined way to avert the occurrence of Throat Cancer. However, in order to eliminate the risk of Throat Cancer, one could the following:

Quit smoking or avoid starting to form the habit:

To quit smoking, or even not to start smoking is imperative. While quitting smoking altogether may be tough, in such cases seeking help is recommended. The various benefits and risks of the numerous strategies to get off smoking; including medications, nicotine replacement products, counselling, etc may be discussed with the doctor further.

Only moderate consumption of alcohol:

If one must drink alcohol, one should do so only in moderation. That is, for healthy women of all ages along with men aged over 65, up to one drink a day may be allowed. Whereas, for men aged 65 or younger, only two drinks may be permitted.

Adopt balanced and healthy meals with a focus on fruits & vegetables:

Choosing a healthy and balanced diet, consisting of a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables is essential. Fruits and vegetables contribute to reducing the many risks of developing Throat Cancer, owing to the vitamins and antioxidants found in them.

Protection against HPV:

The sexually transmitted infection- human papillomavirus (HPV) is said to cause certain types of Throat Cancers. The probable risk of HPV can be reduced by restricting the number of sexual partners while ensuring a condom is used every time is crucial. Considering the HPV vaccine, disposable to boys, girls, women and men can be helpful.